Tree Trimming in Kihei, HI

Last updated: Mar 31, 2026

This guide covers tree trimming best practices, local regulations, common tree species, and seasonal considerations specific to Kihei, HI.

Kihei Dry-Season Trimming Window

Timing basics for dry, windy days

In the arid stretch from roughly April through October, you'll usually face fewer rain delays and more predictable schedules for trimming. That window lets you plan canopies, shaping, and clearance work when winds are steadier and soil is firmer from the dry spell. Practical pacing matters: avoid rushed cuts during strong afternoon trades, and target late morning sessions when shading is minimal and heat is tolerable. For common palm and broad tropical shade trees, light, frequent trims to maintain height and airflow can be spread out through this period without bouncing into a wetter, more disruptive season.

Watch for rapid growth after the wet season

Rapid flushes of new growth after the wet-season rains can quickly change trimming needs. In Kihei, fresh canopy growth on tropical species can thicken and shade lower limbs in a matter of weeks. If you're aiming for air movement through the crown or clearance over walkways, you may need a light renewal prune soon after the first flush-before the new growth becomes heavy and difficult to manage. Track the calendar but also your trees' cues: a sudden burst of tender shoots signals it's time to reassess spacing, thinning, and removal of weak limbs.

Formative trimming during dry-season windows

For younger trees or established specimens that are still developing a balanced silhouette, use the dry-season window for formative trims. Focus on establishing or preserving a central leader, removing crossing branches, and opening the crown for sun and wind through the canopy. Keep cuts clean and shallow rather than heavy, especially on palms where frond crowns respond to pruning with quick regrowth. If you notice dense interiors or crowded branches, schedule light thinning in successive sessions rather than a single, larger cut.

Wind exposure considerations in late summer

Late summer can bring stronger trades and occasional heat-driven stress. Pruning during this time should prioritize reducing sail area in high-wind directions and removing branches that are already compromised by sun exposure or prior storm impact. Do not over-prune in late summer, which can leave trees vulnerable to sunburn or wind damage due to abrupt changes in leaf coverage. Instead, target only defective, dead, or diseased wood, and set up a plan for more structural work once the dry-season window resumes in full swing.

Planning around hurricane-season timing

Late-summer to fall hurricane season is a real scheduling factor for South Maui homeowners planning preventive canopy reduction or storm prep pruning. If a tropical system is looming, prune only what is necessary to avoid creating hazards from falling limbs, while maintaining the tree's structural integrity. After a storm, assess damage before any additional trimming, and prioritize removal of cracked, torn, or hanging limbs. In benign years, you can keep to a steady maintenance cadence; in active years, you adjust to storm prep priorities and reduce exposure to heavy pruning during peak season stress.

Practical workflow for the dry season

Begin by mapping your trees: note species tendencies, typical growth spurts, and any branches showing weak attachment. Schedule structural trims for early in the dry-season to establish a baseline, then plan light maintenance visits every 6 to 10 weeks to address new growth and wind-prone limbs. Always inspect for salt spray exposure along coastal margins and adjust pruning angles to preserve natural form while maximizing airflow and sun through the canopy. If you own multiple palms, stagger pruning by cohort to prevent simultaneous stress across the landscape.

Seasonal transition reminders

As the dry-season window gradually shortens toward the wet season's onset, reassess doorways, driveways, and outdoor living spaces for shade intrusion or clearance issues. A final pre-wet-season trim helps keep pathways clear and reduces the likelihood of rapid growth causing crowding before the next cycle of rains. Remember that the timing and intensity of pruning should align with both historical dry-season patterns and the specific responses of Kihei's common tropical species.

Kihei Tree Timming Overview

Typical Cost
$250 to $1,500
Typical Job Time
Half-day to full-day for 1–2 trees; larger jobs may take additional days.
Best Months
April, May, June, July, August, September
Common Trees
Mango (Mangifera indica), Royal Poinciana (Delonix regia), Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), Kukui tree (Aleurites moluccanus), Ficus (Ficus benjamina)
Seasonal Risks in Kihei
Dry season winds and lower rainfall affect access.
Wet season showers can delay outdoor work.
Rapid new growth after rains increases trimming needs.
Hurricane season (late summer to fall) can disrupt schedules.

Kihei Palms and Tropical Shade Trees

Palm-heavy landscapes and recurring needs

In coastal lots with Coconut Palms and other palm species, pruning is less about one-time shaping and more about routine crown cleaning and frond management. Those green canopies drop fronds regularly, especially after dry-season winds loosen leaves. Your approach should emphasize removing dead or damaged fronds, seed pods, and fruit to reduce fire risk and wind loading. Aim for light, frequent removals rather than heavy cuts that stress the trunk or compromise the palm's balance. For Mango and Royal Poinciana that share space with palms, schedule thinning to keep the trunk flare and crown unobstructed while preserving the tree's natural form. The goal is tidy visibility and maintained health without inviting sunburn or moisture pockets in the canopy.

A mix of species requires a tuned eye

Residential plant mixes in Kihei often include Coconut Palm, Mango, Rain Tree, Royal Poinciana, Kukui, Tamarind, Banyan Tree, and Australian Pine. Each species has its own trimming rhythm and limits. For example, fruiting Mangoes and Rain Trees respond best to pruning that focuses on structural integrity and airway maintenance-removing crossing branches and any weak tips. Royal Poinciana loves a lighter hand to avoid excessive flowering loss, while Kukui can tolerate more open canopies that improve airflow. Banyan trees, with their aerial root systems, need careful attention to maintain size while preventing root encroachment on sidewalks or driveways. Australian Pine demands a conservative approach to avoid creating overly dense shelter or wind sail effects. The coexistence of these species means planning a coordinated trimming plan that respects each tree's growth pattern and mutual spacing.

Managing overhangs and proximity to structures

Large-spreading tropical shade trees used for heat relief can overhang lanais, driveways, and low-slope roofs. In Kihei, selective reduction is the norm rather than broad clearance cuts. Instead of removing large limbs outright, prioritize reducing the crown on the side facing the structure to ease shade pressure and prevent damage from wind-borne debris. When reducing, do not simply cut back to a stub; instead, prune to a strong lateral branch or a naturally occurring fork to maintain the tree's silhouette and reduce the risk of bark fracture. For trees like Tamarind or Royal Poinciana that reach toward roofs, make gradual, staged reductions across seasons to limit shock and preserve healthy regrowth.

Crown cleaning without compromising shade

With dense canopies, cleaning should focus on the interior of the crown to improve light penetration and air movement. Remove canopy deadwood and crowded interior limbs to reduce wind resistance and minimize branch failure during storm swells. Avoid heavy thinning that removes the natural shade pattern; rather, thin to preserve the tree's character while achieving safety clearances around lanais and entryways. For palm-lined yards near the coast, keep the crown control tight enough to prevent fruiting clusters or old fronds from accumulating in high-wind zones, which can turn into projectiles.

Seasonal timing and wind considerations

Timing trims to align with Kihei's dry, windy seasons reduces stress on palms and tropical trees. Schedule major reductions for large shade trees after the peak of the windy season when new growth has begun to mature but before heavy rain of the wet season. This cadence helps trees recover quickly from pruning wounds and minimizes wind-related damage from exposed pruning cuts. For fruit-bearing trees, plan pruning around fruit cycles to protect yield while maintaining safety and balance in the canopy. Regular inspections after storms are essential to identify new weak points and address them promptly.

Palm Pros

These tree service companies have been well reviewed working with palms.

Best reviewed tree service companies in Kihei

  • Aloha Tree Works

    Aloha Tree Works

    (808) 283-0145 alohatreeworks.com

    Serving Maui County

    5.0 from 49 reviews

    Comprehensive Tree Services. Safe and Reliable Removal of Trees, Limbs, Stumps etc. Wood Chipping and Hauling. Experts in the Field.

  • Maui Tree Pros

    Maui Tree Pros

    (808) 437-5081 www.mauitreeservice.com

    Serving Maui County

    5.0 from 32 reviews

    Maui Tree Service Pros are proud to serve our island with exceptional tree service. The trees on Maui tell stories, and we are proud to be a part of keeping those stories alive when possible. Let our expert take a look at your next tree trimming or tree removal project. Our service is friendly and our experience allows us to guide you in all your important tree service needs.

  • Maui Arborscape

    Maui Arborscape

    (808) 276-4356 mauiarborscape.com

    Serving Maui County

    5.0 from 28 reviews

    We offer island wide tree care services from a Certified Arborist. Tree Removal, Tree Pruning, and/or tree installation. Estimates are free.

  • Kokua Tree Care

    Kokua Tree Care

    (808) 419-8998 www.kokuatreecare.com

    Serving Maui County

    5.0 from 42 reviews

    Maui Tree Service

  • What Tree Services

    What Tree Services

    (808) 344-3060 whattreeservices.com

    Serving Maui County

    5.0 from 8 reviews

    What Tree Services offers comprehensive and full-scale tree removal services, tailored to projects of any size. Utilizing specialized equipment and advanced machinery, we provide a range of services including land clearing, excavation, mulching, and chipping.

  • Premier Landscaping & Tree Services

    Premier Landscaping & Tree Services

    (808) 758-9187 premiermauiservices.com

    Serving Maui County

    5.0 from 7 reviews

    We are a locally owned and operated business on the beautiful island of Maui. With our team having 7+ years of experience in the industry, there is no job too small or big. With our exceptional landscape & arborist knowledge, we can bring your vision into reality & turn your outdoor area into a true oasis. Our primary goal is to connect with more clients who can appreciate our honest pricing & our trustworthy team that is known for delivering exceptional quality work.

  • Aloha Tree

    Aloha Tree

    (808) 344-0226

    Serving Maui County

    5.0 from 6 reviews

    Aloha Tree arborists are licensed and insured tree care specialists, committed to providing Maui with the highest level of professionalism and service to improve the beauty and safety of residential and commercial properties. With over 15 years of experience, Aloha Tree owner Chris Berquist offers a range of services including tree removal, pruning, stump grinding, root excavation, green waste removal and excavation/lot clearing.

  • Hawaii Vegetation Control

    Hawaii Vegetation Control

    (808) 264-5942 www.hvc-hawaii.com

    Serving Maui County

    5.0 from 22 reviews

    Hawaii Vegetationntrol LLC is a family-owned business providing reliable residential and commercial environmental and landscaping services in Maui, Hawaii. Services include, full tree services, landscaping, excavation, grading and hauling.

  • Happy Trees Tree Service

    Happy Trees Tree Service

    (808) 280-9546

    Serving Maui County

    5.0 from 5 reviews

    Arborist in Maui, Hawaii with 10+ years of experience. Specializes in tree trimming, removal, chipping, tree care & height reduction

  • Timber Maui

    Timber Maui

    (808) 281-0551 timbermaui.com

    Serving Maui County

    5.0 from 5 reviews

    Timber Maui- Maui’s Leading Tree Removal and Heavy Equipment Experts. Owned and Operated by Maui Native, Ishi Hughes. 15 years in business, serving Upcountry, Maui, and Island wide. We offer Tree Removal, Wood Chipping, Land Clearing, Stump Grinding, Site Work, and an Excavation Team, at fair Prices, with Insured and Certified Professional Service. Top Quality Equipment and Results! Our Extensive Fleet of Machines includes Maui’s Largest Wood Chipper and Stump Grinder, for all of Your Tree Removal and Disposal needs. Call Ishi today for an Estimate on your land clearing project!

  • One Cut Tree Trimming

    One Cut Tree Trimming

    (808) 344-6319 www.onecutmaui.com

    Serving Maui County

    5.0 from 4 reviews

    Clear your Million Dollar View and protect your home from dead trees or branches. Select specific trees or branches that are taking over your view and lower the Liablity of Dangerous Trees from around your property. From small branch removals to big take downs, large hedges, spike-less palm/coconut care, to fence line cutting, cliff rappelling and clearing. We have extensive experience pruning the surrounding vegetation of your property, to ensure and improve the health and longevity of your trees. All inclusive tree services are available including hauling, chipping, and milling. I am an insured arborist and safety is top priority in my working environment. Give us a call today for a free estimate.

  • Maui Hauling Services

    Maui Hauling Services

    (808) 746-2861

    Serving Maui County

    5.0 from 2 reviews

    Dump run services offer removal of junk, rubbish, garbage, trash, appliances, scrap metals, furniture, TV's, refrigerators, washers & driers and mattresses all hauled to Maui landfills or recycling centers for disposal. Yard services include green waste hauling and delivery of rocks, topsoil, gravel, sand, compost and mulch. Our recycling pick up service offers residential and commercial scheduled recycling collection. Courier services offer pickup and same day delivery from homes, businesses, stores or port; Costco, Home Depot, Lowe's, Young Brothers. Property and construction clean up and estate cleanout services provide complete inside and outside debris removal and hauling. Dumpster trailer rentals can be combined with cargo vans.

Shoreline and Sensitive Area Rules

Coastal realities

In a leeward, wind-swept environment, shorefront and near-shore properties encounter salt spray, blowing sand, and dune-friendly soils. Standard pruning on typical residential lots in Kihei usually does not require a permit, but shoreline or otherwise protected areas can trigger additional review. When trimming trees near a beach path, a coastal hedge, or a dune, think about how clippings and branches may travel with the wind and into fragile coastal habitats. Even modest cuts can shed litter, alter airflow, or create openings where pests or invasive species might gain a foothold. The goal is to keep trees healthy without inviting unintended consequences on a sensitive edge of the landscape.

Recognizing regulated zones

Because Kihei includes many oceanfront and near-shore properties, homeowners should verify whether their parcel falls within a regulated coastal or special management area before major work. These zones reflect shoreline dynamics, nesting seasons for birds, and habitat protections for native plants. If an area is flagged as special, trimming schedules and methods may differ from inland lots. Rushing big cuts in these zones can lead to reduced tree resilience, unnecessary stress on roots, and a higher risk of windthrow during the next dry-wind period.

Practical precautions for shoreline trimming

Properties near beaches, dunes, or environmentally sensitive coastal zones in South Maui deserve extra caution even when the work seems like routine trimming. Avoid heavy pruning that removes significant canopy on the seaward side, which can increase sun exposure on remaining foliage and stress trees during dry spells. Use clean, sharp tools to minimize micro-injuries and delay healing. Sweep area debris away from dune rims and sparse vegetation to avoid giving opportunistic plants a foothold. If access paths cross fragile areas, plan for alternate routes that minimize trampling of vegetation and soil crusts.

When to pause and reassess

If a storm forecast shows strong onshore winds or high surf, postpone major sculpting until conditions settle. A tree that looks manageable in calm weather may behave differently once salt-laden air and gusts intensify. By observing shoreline patterns, soil moisture, and tree structure after each season, you can trim with less risk of collateral damage to the coastline, nearby natives, and the overall landscape. If in doubt, consult a local tree care professional who understands coastal species and the peculiarities of the South Maui climate.

Permits and Maui County Checks

Permits, exemptions, and when to ask first

For most Kihei homeowners, ordinary pruning on a residential lot is typically permit-free, which is different from cities where routine trimming is heavily regulated. The local pattern allows standard pruning in well-defined residential areas without a formal permit, especially when work is within the property line, keeps to typical height reductions, and avoids work on critical infrastructure or protected trees. However, the leeward climate and coastal environment mean that substantial canopy work, removal of heritage trees, or changes that affect wildlife habitat can invite closer scrutiny. If a project begins to stray into larger-scale shaping, selective removal, or any work near man-made structures, it is prudent to pause and confirm whether a permit is advisable or required.

Protected parcels, shoreline lots, and unusual site constraints

Questions about protected parcels, shoreline lots, or unusual site constraints should be directed through Maui County planning or permitting channels rather than assumed exempt. Coastal setbacks, dune restoration zones, and shoreline access areas carry additional rules designed to safeguard sensitive ecosystems and visibility for storm-related drainage. If the pruning plan touches or could affect these areas-such as trimming near the shoreline, near wildlife corridors, or within designated protected trees-contact the Maui County Planning Department or the County Real Property Assessment Division for guidance. It helps to bring a simple sketch that notes tree species, root zones, and the planned pruning style during inquiries, so staff can quickly assess whether exemptions apply or if an official permit is warranted.

HOA, planned communities, and condo developments

Kihei homeowners in planned communities or condo-style developments may also face HOA or property-management rules that matter more in this resort-heavy area than city permits do. Some associations require pre-approval for any pruning that alters the canopy, changes the view from units or common areas, or affects shared landscape buffers. Even when a trimming project seems routine, check the governing documents, architectural guidelines, and any landscaping covenants before scheduling a crew. If the HOA rules align with permit-free practices, keep a copy of correspondence or approvals in the job file to demonstrate compliance if questions arise later.

How to verify before you trim

Begin with the County's online permit portal or a quick call to the Maui County Planning Department to confirm current practices, as rules can shift with budget cycles or environmental updates. If a potential need exists, a simple site assessment may be enough to determine whether a basic permit or a more formal review is required. When in doubt, document the intended pruning plan-species, location, access routes, and any observed constraints-and seek clarification through official channels before starting work. This proactive approach helps keep a safe, wind-resilient canopy without stumbling over shoreline protections or HOA stipulations.

South Maui Access and Scheduling Limits

Dry-season access and equipment rhythm

Dry-season conditions in Kihei generally improve equipment access compared with wetter months, especially on landscaped lots where repeated showers can slow cleanup and hauling. Plan trimming windows to align with extended mornings when trades and hauling crews can move more freely between properties. Narrow streets and busy driveways in resort-adjacent zones mean you should schedule early, with a clear path from street to work area. Expect lighter crews and faster turnaround on calm days, and avoid forcing a larger cut when trade winds pick up in the afternoon.

Site layout and rigging realities

Many properties are compact, walled, or built around lanais, pools, and vacation-style outdoor living areas, which can complicate rigging and debris movement. Before the crew arrives, mark clear zones for staging and disposal, and remove precious potted plants or ornamental features that could be brushed by equipment. If a palm or broad-leaf tree is slated for trimming, confirm access angles and branch drops with the team to keep cleanup tidy and minimize collateral damage to fencing or shade structures.

Shoreline proximity and scheduling pressure

Oceanfront and resort-adjacent neighborhoods often require tighter scheduling, parking coordination, and cleaner jobsite control than more rural Maui locations. Expect arrival windows to be defined, with potential early setup or late wrap-up to accommodate neighboring residences and hotel operations. Inform neighbors about anticipated noise and debris movement, and designate a drop-off point for clippings that keeps sidewalks and walkways clear. In windy conditions, coordinate with the crew to secure tarps and load lines so debris does not drift toward pools or landscaped beds.

Wind and debris management in coastal spots

Wind patterns in the South Maui corridor can shift quickly, turning light pruning into a debris-control exercise. Use seasonal timing to target cleanup after smaller cuts when trades are available for efficient removal. If a property sits near a lanai edge or a guest-access area, discuss temporary barriers or containment strategies with the crew ahead of time. Always designate a primary path for debris to travel from pruning zone to the truck, reducing trips across manicured lawns and guest seating areas.

Kihei Hurricane Prep and Emergency Risk

Pre-Season Trimming Priority

South Maui homeowners know the rhythm: dry-season winds ramping up, then hurricane threats looming as late summer fades. Broad tropical canopies and older coastal plantings can hide weak limbs until a sudden gust reveals them. When storms threaten, emergency demand spikes; pre-season trimming reduces that surge and gives you a safer yard ahead of the first strong winds. Schedule preventive trimming before late-summer and fall, so trees aren't staring into a hurricane with freshly grown, brittle tissue. Think about targeting high-risk limbs on palms, mangoes, ficus, and exposed end branches along driveways and fences where impact would be greatest. The goal is clean cuts, balanced canopies, and removal of any split, cracked, or leaning limbs before wind loads increase.

Wind Challenges and Growth Flush

Downdraft winds in this leeward South Maui setting hammer homes and palm fronds alike. After rapid growth periods, limbs can become overextended and top-heavy, especially on older coastal plantings that spread wide to shade yards. Immediate risk occurs when a storm arrives after a stretch of growth flush; the canopy briefly holds more moisture and weight, then a gust can snap a limb that seems otherwise robust. Focus on reducing surface area that catches wind without sacrificing shade. Remove cross-rimming branches that rub against each other, and prune to a balanced silhouette that directs wind around the trunk rather than into delicate union points.

Storm-Season Strategy and Readiness

Emergency demand around storm events is not a hypothetical here; it's a practical, repeatable pattern. Pre-season trimming creates a gentler pathway into hurricane season and improves tree resilience when a squall line approaches. Retool pruning practices to favor structural integrity: angular cuts that promote compartmentalization, removal of weak codominant trunks, and thinning where water-saturated soils can compromise root stability during gusts. Keep accessibility clear for portable radios, flashlights, and the obvious need to survey yard-wide risk zones after any storm pass.

Experienced in Emergencies

These tree service companies have been well reviewed for emergency jobs.

Kihei Tree Trimming Costs

Typical cost range

Typical tree trimming in Kihei falls around $250 to $1500, but recurring palm maintenance, large tropical shade-tree reductions, and storm-prep work can push jobs upward. Costs rise on properties with tight side-yard access, oceanfront exposure, limited debris staging space, or structures packed close to the canopy. Very large specimens such as mature Banyan, Rain Tree, or sprawling coastal shade trees may require advanced rigging or specialty crews that cost more than standard residential pruning.

Planning considerations

Typical costs reflect the area's dry, windy climate and sandy soils; recurring palm work and storm-prep pruning can push a bill higher during late summer and hurricane season. To get value, prune conservatively, before storms when limbs overhang roofs or lanes, and ask for a plan that groups jobs to minimize trips and debris. Seasonal timing matters in these conditions; trim palms best during calm stretches to avoid damage and costly rework.

Large or palm-focused work

Very large specimens such as mature Banyan, Rain Tree, or sprawling coastal shade trees may require advanced rigging or specialty crews that cost more than standard residential pruning. Recurring palm maintenance in this area costs often stack on budget because fronds shed year-round and require careful rigging on any yard with a narrow alley or driveway. Expect repeat visits at lower incremental cost than a first-time structural trim.

Palm maintenance specifics

Recurring palm maintenance in this area costs often stack on budget because fronds shed year-round and require careful rigging on any yard with a narrow alley or driveway. Expect repeat visits at lower incremental cost than a first-time structural trim. Common species guidance: date palms, coconuts, and royal palms need careful removal of heavy fronds with minimal tipping; broad-leaf tropical canopy trees can tolerate selective thinning but avoid heavy top-pruning that invites wind damage.

Species considerations

Common species guidance: date palms, coconuts, and royal palms need careful removal of heavy fronds with minimal tipping; broad-leaf tropical canopy trees can tolerate selective thinning but avoid heavy top-pruning that invites wind damage. Prices vary with complexity; plan a phased approach when needed, and budget for occasional higher costs from large or exposed trees.

Budgeting tips and wrap-up

Prices vary with complexity; plan a phased approach when needed, and budget for occasional higher costs from large or exposed trees. Plan a phased approach when needed, and budget for occasional higher costs from large or exposed trees. Plan a phased approach when needed, and budget for occasional higher costs from large or exposed trees.

Maui Resources for Kihei Homeowners

County resources and shoreline considerations

Kihei homeowners can look to Maui County offices for parcel-specific questions when shoreline or protected-area concerns are involved. The county keeps maps and deed-level notes that help determine setbacks, fragile coastal zones, and any shared access issues that might affect pruning practices or tree removal decisions. When a landscape project brushes against dune systems, seawalls, or windward corridors, those parcel notes can save time and prevent conflicts with sensitive habitats or water-quality considerations. In practice, use county resources to verify if a tree sits within a shoreline setback or under any shoreline-related constraints, then align trimming plans with those boundaries to protect coastal ecosystems and your own property value.

University and state resources

The University of Hawaiʻi extension, along with statewide invasive-species programs, provides guidance that directly reflects Maui's climate and the unique flora found here. Local extension publications address drought tolerance, wind exposure, and salt spray-factors that influence trimming timing and technique for palm canopies, broad tropical shade trees, and resort-style plantings common in Kihei. When invasive or problematic species appear-such as certain vines, grasses, or shrubs that thrive in dry wind corridors-extension resources help identify control methods that won't disrupt native or planted coastal landscapes. Rely on these local-facing recommendations rather than mainland references to ensure advice accounts for Maui's humidity rhythms, seasonal flushes, and hurricane-prone conditions.

Local expertise and practical guidance

Because Kihei combines resort landscaping, coastal exposure, and tropical species, local arborists with Maui experience are more useful than generic national advice. A nearby tree-care professional will understand how palms respond to direct trade-wwind and salt spray, how drought stress alters pruning cuts, and which times of year avoid heavy canopy work during peak bird-nesting or wet-season growth spurts. When in doubt, seek an arborist who has completed Maui-specific projects and can tailor strategies to your yard's sun exposure, soil type, and microclimate. This local perspective translates into safer, longer-lasting results for your trees and your landscape's coastal character.