Last updated: Mar 31, 2026
This guide covers tree trimming best practices, local regulations, common tree species, and seasonal considerations specific to Alabaster, AL.
Alabaster sits in central Shelby County south of Birmingham, where neighborhoods blend newer homes with retained mature canopy trees rather than fully cleared lots. That mix creates a distinctive set of needs: larger, older oaks and pines often frame backyards and line property edges, while younger plantings fill in nearby spaces. The result is a tree population that's resilient when cared for with a plan that respects existing structure and the value of substantial, uneven canopy. A specialized approach considers the way mature trees interact with nearby homes, driveways, and drainage features, as well as the likelihood of storm-related stress from the region's exposure to strong winds.
The rolling uplands that characterize the area mean access to trees isn't uniform. In front yards along a street, equipment can reach trees with relative ease, but steep backyard lines or woodland edges behind houses may require longer ladders, lighter pruning steps, or equipment that can maneuver around slope and clutter. This terrain emphasizes the need for a plan that prioritizes momentum, safety, and efficiency. Homeowners should expect that anchoring a plan in the layout of the yard-identifying access routes, staging zones, and potential safety hazards-will save time and reduce risk during trimming and removal work.
Residential growth around corridors like U.S. 31 and I-65 has increased the number of homes built near existing woodland edges, making selective pruning more common than orchard-style open-canopy maintenance. In practice, this means pruning goals focus on enhancing structure and resilience while preserving the natural screen the canopy provides. Instead of a uniform, broad-cut approach, a neighborhood-aware plan targets specific branches that risk rubbing against roofs, fences, or utility lines, while leaving intact the branches that contribute to storm resilience. This selective approach also helps maintain the ecological function of the trees, supporting wildlife and improving long-term vigor.
Mature oaks and pines in this area often bear the brunt of heavy storms. A distinct plan emphasizes resilience: reducing wind resistance without compromising structural integrity, removing dead or diseased limbs, and promoting balanced growth that distributes mechanical load evenly. Given the proximity to power lines and drainage channels, the pruning strategy prioritizes clear separation from obstructions and improved airflow through the canopy. Because storms recur, a long-term plan should aim to keep the tree mechanically sound, minimize weak unions, and encourage robust tannins and sap flow that help trees weather gusts and saturating rains.
In wooded suburban neighborhoods, the most practical pruning focus is on structural integrity. That means shaping for strong trunk-to-branch connections, identifying and retaining dominant leadership while removing competing leaders, and promoting a strong central scaffold. It also involves thinning to increase light penetration toward inner limbs, which helps reduce disease pressure and lowers the risk of limb breakage during storms. Homeowners should recognize that structure-first pruning not only reduces immediate hazard but also supports long-term stability as roots and soil conditions respond to the surrounding development.
Because access can vary dramatically from street-side trees to steep backyard lines, a homeowner-friendly plan should include a phased approach: start with trees closest to living spaces or utilities, then advance to those along property lines or near drainage areas. This staged method reduces disruption to daily life and allows for gradual improvement over time. By tailoring tasks to the unique topology and canopy distribution found in Alabaster neighborhoods, this plan seeks steady progress, fewer surprises, and a durable canopy that remains a defining feature of local yards long after the next storm.
Alabaster sits in the Birmingham metro storm belt, where severe thunderstorms, straight-line winds, and occasional tornado-producing systems are a practical trimming concern. The mix of water oak, willow oak, southern red oak, white oak, sweetgum, and loblolly pine creates heavy-limb failure risk and wind-sail effects when branches grow long and reach for openings or overhang houses. In neighborhoods that back to wooded buffers or undeveloped parcels, trees often grew with competition on one side and open exposure on the house side, leaving long lateral limbs that overhang roofs, gutters, and driveways. When a storm hits, those limbs become high-velocity projectiles or add dramatic wind loads to trunks, increasing the chance of splitting, rubbing, or trunk failure. The combination of oak dominance and pine species means both deciduous and evergreen parts can fail suddenly, so proactive pruning is essential.
Focus first on the trees that directly threaten the home and utilities. Prioritize removing weak, crossing, and rubbing limbs from oaks and pines in the 10 to 20-foot range that extend toward the house, driveway, or stored equipment. For mixed stands, prune to create a balanced silhouette that reduces wind sail without sacrificing natural form. Pay close attention to limbs that are structurally weak, have included bark unions, or show signs of prior decay. In lots where oaks and pines grow toward buffers, remove the overextended lateral limbs on the house-facing side to shorten the glide path of wind gusts and limit leverage on the trunk. Trim back any limbs that clearly interfere with roofs, gutters, or overhead lines, keeping a clear clearance zone over living spaces and travel paths.
For oaks, emphasize selective thinning rather than heavy heading cuts. Remove interior branches that create crowded canopies and reduce air flow, then prune back to healthy lateral buds on robust scaffolds. Avoid tipping cuts that leave stubby remnants; instead, cut back to a strong limb union or trunk junction. When pruning pines, maintain a natural cone shape and avoid excessive flush-cutting, which can invite dieback. Remove any dead or severely damaged needles and branches, and thin the crown to alleviate wind pressure while preserving color and density. In mixed stands, use a staggered approach: thin the overstory to reduce wind load, then prune the understorey saplings to prevent future conflicts or sudden weight shifts.
Inspect trees after major storms and before the peak storm season each year. Quick-action triggers include new cracks in trunk bark, sudden lean changes, or visible splitting in a limb where resin or sap flow indicates active movement. Maintain a routine that keeps at least one-third of the leafless crown open to the wind to reduce sail. For properties backing to wooded floors, regularly monitor overhangs and retractive limbs on the house side after storms. Quick attention to hanging or dangling limbs can prevent a catastrophic failure later in the season.
If any tree shows signs of significant decay, concave trunks, or large, unstable limbs over roofs, contact a local certified arborist promptly. Pro-level pruning is often required for mature oaks and pines with high wind exposure, especially when limbs overhang structures or utility lines. A careful, well-timed pruning plan tailored to the specific species and sheltering layout can dramatically reduce risk and protect property during the next severe weather event.
These tree service companies have been well reviewed for storm damage jobs.
Gray's Tree Services
(205) 651-2499 graysroofingandtreeservices.com
Serving Shelby County
4.8 from 255 reviews
In many subdivisions, backyards are fenced and sit along drainage swales or on sloped ground, which makes bucket-truck access impractical or impossible. When planning pruning or removal, anticipate that crews will rely on climbing or crane-assisted methods rather than ride-along equipment. Homes on curving streets and cul-de-sacs often have tighter yards and narrower rights of way, so brush, logs, and any staging gear must be tucked carefully to avoid blocking driveways or trampling flower beds. Start by marking the best anchor points on the property-a sturdy tree, a low-lying branch cluster, or a reachable limb on the down-slope side-so the crew can plan anchor routes before arrival.
Sloped lots in this area typically sit near creek-like drainage corridors or common-area buffers. This makes debris movement downhill a real factor after cuts, especially in rain or thaw cycles. Before work begins, map the slope direction and consider how cut material will travel if left to fall freely. If debris is likely to roll toward neighboring yards or along drainage paths, choose trimming targets that direct material toward open spaces or uphill locations where it can be gathered safely. After a storm, expect restricted machine travel on softer ground; plan for longer windows between rental trailers and parking areas to avoid rutting or soil damage.
Homes built on cul-de-sacs or curved streets tend to have limited staging room. Vehicles and equipment must be parked where they won't block street sweeps, mailboxes, or landscaping features. In these settings, crews often rely on cranes or rope-and-climb techniques to reach higher limbs, which means tree-care plans should emphasize pruning guidelines that maximize safety without requiring heavy lifting from ground-based equipment. Communicate any buried utilities, irrigation lines, or fence lines that could impede gear paths. If there is a drainage swale between the home and the tree line, schedule work when the ground is firm and a clear line of retreat can be maintained for workers and debris handlers.
Tree lines behind homes frequently sit near buffer areas or drainage corridors, so a pruning plan must consider how materials will move downhill. Coordinate with a crew about windfall risks during storms and the potential for logs to push into low-lying yards or drainage paths after heavy rain. For safety, designate a downhill holding area for large branches and ensure there is a clear escape route away from fences and setbacks. In Alabaster's weather, plan for staggered removal days when ground conditions are firm and access routes remain stable, reducing the chance of trip hazards or equipment getting stuck.
Need a crane or bucket truck? These companies have been well reviewed working with large trees.
Cornerstone Tree Service
(205) 650-1441 alabastertreeservicecompany.com
10052 Hwy 119, Alabaster, Alabama
4.9 from 138 reviews
Woodys stump grinding & services
(205) 603-5038 www.woodysstumps.com
Serving Shelby County
5.0 from 36 reviews
Woody’s Stump Grinding and Services is a third generation business. We specialize in stump grinding, but we also offer a full line of tree and bobcat services. We are also available for storm damage 24 hours. If you’re tired of those pesky stumps, give Woody a call!
Deep Green Lawn Care - Landscaping, Weed Control, & Lawn Maintenance
(205) 660-1234 deepgreenlawncare.com
Serving Shelby County
4.6 from 30 reviews
Deep Green Lawn Care, a local fixture for over 25 years in Alabaster, AL, stands as a testament to excellence in lawn care. Going beyond basic maintenance, we as a locally owned and operated entity, pride ourselves on delivering top-quality services tailored to the unique needs of your property. Our full-service lawn care program reflects our commitment to customer satisfaction, ensuring that every lawn receives the meticulous attention it deserves. Whether it's residential or commercial properties in Alabaster, Pelham, Chelsea, Hoover, Helena, Calera, Montevallolumbiana, Shoal Creek, Dunnavant Valley, Indian Springs, Meadowbrook, or the surrounding areas of Shelbyunty & Jeffersonunty, Deep Green Lawn Care is your trusted partner.
Ezzy Tree Service
(205) 354-4867 www.ezzytreeservice.com
Serving Shelby County
5.0 from 27 reviews
Ezzy Tree Service
Dennis Tree Service
(205) 266-8553 dennistreeservices.com
Serving Shelby County
5.0 from 11 reviews
Tree removal, Tree trimming, Stump removal, etc
Gray's Tree Services
(205) 651-2499 graysroofingandtreeservices.com
Serving Shelby County
4.8 from 255 reviews
Founded in 1995, Gray's Tree Services is a family owned tree care business proudly serving Birmingham and surrounding communities. Our expert, licensed team handles tree removals, trimming, pruning, stump grinding, land clearing, commercial tree care, and much more! We provide 24/7 emergency storm services and always provide a customer-focused approach with free estimates and a commitment to safety. We value our community and are dedicated to providing you the best customer experience possible!
RG Tree Services
(205) 808-2896 www.rgtreeservices.net
Serving Shelby County
5.0 from 6 reviews
Our company was built with the commitment to ensure cost-effectiveness and high-quality in every Tree Services, we are hired to work on for the community of Pelham, AL and the surrounding areas. Our company founded under the great values of: Professionalismmmitment Diligencest-Effectiveness
Jon's Tree Service
(205) 621-3000 birminghamtreeguy.com
Serving Shelby County
4.1 from 101 reviews
Jon's Tree Service is the top rated tree service in Pelham, AL, serving Birmingham and the surrounding areas. We offer professional tree cutting service, stump grinding, and more at a cost you can afford, along with excavating contractor services. Your satisfaction, along with the health and safety of your property, are our top priorities. We work hard to help you maintain beautiful, well cared for trees while keeping your yard free from hazardous limbs, overgrowth, and storm damage. Our comprehensive range of services includes tree removal, trimming, pruning, stump grinding, stump removal, brush clearing, land clearing, and emergency storm cleanup. Contact us today to learn more or to schedule a consultation with one of our experts.
Log & Leaf Tree Service
(205) 994-4961 www.ourtreeman.com
Serving Shelby County
4.9 from 172 reviews
"Your neighborhood tree man "
Timber Ridge Clearing
(205) 728-4836 www.timberridgeclearingal.com
Serving Shelby County
4.9 from 14 reviews
Timber Ridge Clearing, based in Chelsea, Alabama, specializes in land clearing, grading, forestry mulching, and emergency cleanup across the greater Central Alabama area. Overgrown land, hazardous trees, and storm debris can make properties unsafe and unusable, but our expert team provides efficient, affordable, and professional solutions. We clear brush, remove stumps, and grade land to create stable foundations for construction or landscaping. Our forestry mulching service promotes eco-friendly land management, while our 24/7 emergency cleanup ensures quick restoration after storms. With a commitment to quality, honesty, and reliability, we help property owners transform their land into clean, functional spaces. Call 205-728-4836 today!
Big Dig Demolition & Excavating
(205) 641-2553 www.bigdigdemos.com
Serving Shelby County
5.0 from 20 reviews
Big Dig Demolition and Excavating is a premier provider of comprehensive demolition and excavating services tailored to meet the diverse needs of residential, commercial, and industrial clients. With a commitment to excellence, safety, and environmental responsibility, we specialize in delivering efficient, cost-effective solutions for projects of all sizes and complexities. We provide our services throughout Birmingham, Alabaster, Trussville, Bessemer, Pelham, Helena, and all surrounding areas. With our experienced team, our state-of-the-art equipment, and our commitment to safety and compliance, you can count on us, every time. We are fully licensed, bonded, and insured. Give us a call today.
Top Tier Land & Tree
(205) 527-6235 www.toptierlandandtree.com
Serving Shelby County
5.0 from 103 reviews
At Top Tier Land & Tree, we specialize in Emergency Tree Response, Tree Removal, Land & Lot Clearing, Disaster Relief, Demolition, and Brush Cutting. With over 6 years of experience, we’re proud to serve all of central Alabama from our headquarters inlumbiana, AL. As an owner-operated business, we bring expertise and dedication to every job, ensuring the highest level of service. You can rely on us to handle your toughest projects with care and precision.
Black Dog Services
(205) 789-1044 blackdogservices.co
Serving Shelby County
5.0 from 68 reviews
Transform your space with Black Dog Services, your trusted partner in landscape design and construction. Specializing in creating stunning outdoor environments and top-notch construction services, we combine creativity with craftsmanship to bring your vision to life. From lush sod and elegant hardscapes to durable, high-quality structures, our skilled team delivers exceptional results with attention to detail and professionalism. Discover how we can enhance your property today!
In Alabaster's central Alabama climate, winter through early spring is the most reliable time to prune established shade trees. Summer heat hits early, and large cuts can intensify stress if done in the heat of July or August. Target pruning when the tree is dormant and leaves are off, so you can see branch structure clearly and avoid removing functional tissue during peak stress periods. For mature oaks and pines that back up to woods or drainage zones, stick to through-wrost significant cuts before new growth starts. Light, selective shaping can still be done later if needed, but major structural work belongs to the dormant season.
Late winter is the critical moment to inspect for weak unions, overextended limbs, and storm vulnerability. Start at the top of the canopy and work down, paying close attention to limbs that cross, rub, or seem to be growing at improbable angles. In wooded suburban neighborhoods, storms can expose faults quickly, so identify potential failure points now and plan conservative reductions rather than heavy cuts that leave large stubs. When you spot a weak union or a risk limb, size reductions should be gradual, with attention to preserving natural limb balance. Look also at pruning scars from previous years-healing should be smooth, not fissured or cracked.
Fall leaf drop on common oaks, maples, sweetgums, and blackgum can reveal canopy shape while concealing dead interior wood until leaves are down enough for a full structural assessment. Use the lull after leaves shed to evaluate cavities, interior decay, and branch angles that may have developed over the growing season. If you notice deadwood, signs of hollow trunks, or thinning at the forest edge where branches overhang a yard, schedule cautious removal or reduction after the bulk of the leaves have fallen. During this window, avoid heavy pruning that would leave open wound surfaces during the wet season and retreating cold snaps. This is the window to confirm that the canopy still carries proper balance and that structural supports, if present, are functioning as intended.
Loblolly pines are a frequent sight along the I-65 corridor and neighborly winds can turn a quiet yard into a puzzle of height and reach. In Alabaster, these pines often create tall, narrow work zones that demand careful access and pruning strategies. Deadwood removal on a pine must evaluate needle litter, resin exposure, and the risk of limb snapping when wind-driven, especially in late winter storms. Crown reductions on pines differ from broad-canopy hardwoods: removing internal branches to reduce overall height or spread should preserve the tree's natural taper and avoid creating bulky, top-heavy crowns that catch more wind. Expect occasional brushy layers of dead needles beneath the canopy, which influence cleanup plans and the need for debris management that aligns with suburban lots and drainage paths.
Water oak and willow oak are prized for shade and wind resistance, yet their size and limb structure demand deliberate pruning moves. When limbs extend over roofs, streets, or play areas, the priority shifts toward creating safe clearances and reducing branch angles that are prone to splitting. The oak family in this area often displays heavy branching at lower heights, so thinning should favor removing crossing limbs and any signs of included bark where cracks could propagate. Storm resilience means maintaining a balance between crown integrity and clearance. For mature oaks, trunk protection and careful assessment of deadwood in the upper canopy are essential, because a single storm can transform a routine trim into a larger structural challenge.
Sweetgum and red maple frequently populate yards and backyards, bringing dense twig growth and seasonal litter that complicates curb appeal and lawn maintenance. In Alabaster, sweetgum can shed a profusion of spiny capsules and twig clusters that cling to lawns, driveways, and patios, creating a recurring cleanup cycle. Red maples contribute a similar cadence, with dense twig formation that can obscure sightlines and crowd power lines or drainage paths. Pruning these species calls for a proactive approach: regular twig thinning to reduce dense interior growth, attention to epicormic sprouts that can erupt after pruning, and planning that aligns with the home's outdoor use areas. The goal is to maintain air circulation and light penetration while keeping pathways clear and reducing branches that snag on outdoor furniture or vehicles.
In wooded suburban neighborhoods backing up to woods or drainage areas, utility corridors and storm fronts shape pruning decisions. Expect a mix of narrow, tall pines and broader-oak canopies, with deciduous shrubs and ornamental trees interwoven into the landscape. The best approach blends structural pruning that preserves resilience against storms with routine maintenance to manage litter and debris. By prioritizing safe clearances, disciplined deadwood removal, and thoughtful crown shaping, you can keep your yard accessible and protected, even as seasonal winds and heavy rain test the tree balance in this corner of Shelby County.
These tree service companies have been well reviewed working with conifers.
Top Notch Tree Service
(805) 598-4795 topnotchtreesbham.com
Serving Shelby County
5.0 from 55 reviews
In Alabaster, suburban streets often place distribution lines closer to front yards than in newer, fully planned developments. That proximity makes pruning near service drops a recurring homeowner issue. Before touching any limb within the utility zone, identify the line route and avoid climbing onto roofs or stepping on slippery surfaces. Trim only small, well-clear areas from ground level, and leave the higher or heavier branches to professionals who know where the service drop enters the house.
Fast-growing trees on lots near road frontage in older neighborhoods can overtake sightlines quickly, narrowing the view for drivers and pedestrians. When deciding which branches to reduce, prioritize maintaining a clear view of intersections, driveways, and reflective street signs. Remove weak, crowded, or crossing branches first, but do not overprune to the point of leaving a tree with a lopsided canopy. Sustainable cuts that preserve natural form reduce windloading and later corrective work.
Because many homes combine mature retained trees with overhead neighborhood utilities, it is essential to distinguish private trimming from work that should be coordinated with the utility. If a branch is within the utility-right-of-way or touches lines, do not tackle it yourself. Call the utility for line-clearance guidance, and arrange for a professional arborist trained in line-clearance pruning to perform the work. Private pruning should focus on growth that threatens sightlines, encroaches onto property, or rubs against service drops after confirming safe distance from any wires.
After a storm, inspect street-facing branches for splits, cracks, or hanging limbs that could compromise overhead lines or block curb appeal. If damage involves multiple trees or large limbs near utilities, treat the situation as a coordinated effort with the utility and a licensed arborist to restore clearance and reduce risk of further failure. In storm-prone neighborhoods, proactive, measured pruning maintains resilience without sacrificing the tree's health.
These companies have been positively reviewed for their work near utility lines.
K & M Professional Tree & Clearing
(205) 965-2821 kmprotreeservices.com
Serving Shelby County
4.1 from 32 reviews
Howard Tree Service
(205) 910-5116 howardtreeserviceal.com
Serving Shelby County
5.0 from 57 reviews
You have reliable regional anchors to guide decisions: Alabama Cooperative Extension and the Alabama Forestry Commission offer regionally relevant guidance tied to central Alabama conditions. When you spot uncertain symptoms, check these sources first and use locally appropriate recommendations for timing, species, and pruning after storms. In practice, that means comparing what you see on your oaks and pines with locally published scales, leaf color patterns, and growth responses rather than relying on generic advice from broader climates.
Hot, humid summers in Shelby County can compound stress on recently over-pruned trees, especially where compacted suburban soils and reflected heat from driveways or patios are present. If your yard includes dense, heat-absorbing surfaces or limited soil volume, you may notice leaf scorch, slower new growth, or premature leaf drop after trimming. Observe the tree for subtle changes in vigor over a few weeks post-pruning, and avoid heavy pruning during peak heat periods. Provide temporary shade or irrigation during hot spells to reduce the chance of sudden decline.
Trees growing at woodland edges around Alabaster often need inspection for hidden structural defects because competition-grown trunks and shaded interior canopies can mask problems until storm season. The interior may harbor decay, cracks, or weak branching that only shows up after wind or ice. Look for lean, co-dominant leaders, or seams where bark has peeled away under stress. Professionals can detect these issues with careful tapping, push tests, and sometimes simple sounding checks-before a storm reveals a fragile framework. If you notice unusual cracking, deadwood, or sudden changes in canopy density, treat it as a warning sign and arrange an expert evaluation promptly.
Keep an eye on recent pruning outcomes, particularly for mature oaks and pines near yard edges or utilities. Document any changes in leaf color, cluster dieback, or reduced growth. Use the recommended local resources to verify symptoms and gather species-specific guidance to tailor follow-up care. Early inspection can prevent minor defects from becoming costly, storm-related problems down the line.
Typical trimming costs in Alabaster run about $150 to $1200, with the low end usually tied to small ornamental or limited limb work and the high end tied to mature hardwoods or pines needing extensive access planning. On residential lots, the price reflects not just the tree size but how easily crews can access the work area from ground level or via bucket. For many homes you'll see small jobs close to $150, while larger, multi-tree or storm-prep tasks push toward the higher end.
Jobs cost more on properties with steep backyards, fences, drainage features, or limited truck access because crews may need climbers, rigging, or crane support instead of straightforward bucket work. In Alabaster, yards often sit on rolling terrain with tight constraints, so crews plan access routes and safety setups that add to the timetable and total cost. You may notice a noticeable bump if multiple angles or branches need removal for driveways or shed clearances.
Pricing also rises when large oaks or pines overhang roofs, sit near neighborhood power lines, or require storm-damage cleanup after central Alabama severe weather. When storms strike, crews prioritize safety and may mobilize with gear to reach higher limbs without risking the house, which can add to the cost but protects your property long-term.
To budget, start with a baseline of a few smaller cuts around ornamental trees, then stage for larger jobs by evaluating access and potential hazards. If your lot backs to woods or a drainage area, discuss rigging or bucket alternatives with the contractor to minimize surprises. Plan for contingencies in rainy seasons when soil becomes soft and access becomes trickier.
In many neighborhoods, typical costs reflect both the trees' health and the homeowners' preparedness for preventive pruning to resist storms. The range of $150 to $1200 covers routine trims and more extensive, structurally-focused work on mature oaks or pines, especially when storm resilience is in play.
On private residential property, typical trimming tasks do not require a city tree-trimming permit. This means practical limb removal, clearance pruning for vehicles or roofs, and shaping small-diameter branches can proceed without a formal permit, provided the work stays on your own lot and does not involve protected or heritage trees. Keep in mind that certain tree species or unusually large removals may trigger different rules, so verify with the local planning department if any doubt arises.
Because Alabaster is a municipal government within Shelby County rather than an unincorporated area, homeowners should still verify whether work intersects with public right-of-way, street trees, drainage easements, or subdivision restrictions. If trimming near the street, around drainage channels, or inside easements that affect public infrastructure, you may need coordination with public works or the HOA to avoid encroaching on utilities or stormwater features. If utility lines are limbs' targets, call 811 before any cutting to check for underground lines, and contact your utility company for guidance on safe pruning practices around overhead cables.
Properties in HOA-governed subdivisions may face neighborhood landscape rules even when the city itself does not require a trimming permit. Review covenants or architectural controls for standards on tree height, branch height clearances, and acceptable species or pruning methods. Some neighborhoods require approved contractors or documented pruning plans. In wooded lots backing up to woods or drainage areas, ensure that any work aligns with HOA guidelines to maintain shared aesthetics and avoid fines or disputes.
Organize a quick check: confirm permit needs with the city if your project touches rights-of-way; map out easements and drainage paths on your property; and consult the HOA rules before scheduling work, especially around mature oaks and pines exposed to storms.